Do not reconstitute live vaccines that can not be used up within 1 hour because the virus will die after that time. Evaluate how many cattle can be processed within 1 hour and reconstitute just enough doses for that time. Mix each bottle gently as you reconstitute the product and use it. Do not place bottles with live vaccines on the heater or expose them to extremes of cold or hot temperatures.

Discard leftover and outdated vaccines. When buying products, buy bottle sizes of the appropriate doses for the amount of cattle that you will work.

Keep all drugs away from temperature extremes and store them according to label instructions.

Keep mixing vaccines as you used them e.g. clostridial vaccines settle over time and if you do not mix them regularly, each animal will not receive the proper amount of vaccine to induce a strong immune response.

Remove air from syringes before injecting cattle. If a vaccine is only 2 ml per dose and the syringe has 0.5 ml of air in it, then the animal will not receive the full dose of the vaccine required to induce a strong immune response.