Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis

Cryptosporidia and Giardia are two protozoa found in the intestines of many species of animals, birds, and humans. These parasites are usually found in normal healthy animals. In cattle, occasionally these parasites can cause diarrhea and poor performance, predominantly in younger animals. Cryptosporidia is most commonly isolated in calves less than a few months of age, whereas, Giardia can be found in cattle of all ages. These parasites are of concern to human safety, because fecal contamination of food or water with these parasites can cause gastrointestinal disease in humans. In animals and humans with a competent immune system, the diseases are usually self-limiting; however, the diseases may be severe in those that are immune compromised.

Currently in cattle and humans there is no specific treatment for Cryptosporidiosis, other than fluid replacement for diarrhea. Research continues on the development of vaccines and specific medications. Giardiasis can be treated in cattle with benzimidazoles (e.g. fendabenzole, mebendazole, albendazole) and in humans with various medications.

To reduce the risk of human infection from cattle feces, producers must practice good manure management practices. Practices should prevent leaching, erosion, and run-off from manure treated fields, pens, wintering sites, and catch basins into lakes, rivers, streams, and ditches. Direct access of cattle to watercourses should be controlled (e.g. rotational grazing, off-site watering, access ramps, fencing). Workers should practice good personnel hygiene. Drinking water for humans should be filtered and chlorinated. Only composted manure should be used as a fertilizer for fresh vegetable and fruit crops.