Feeding Practices

Feeding programs are designed to meet the requirements of all classes of cattle on the farm or ranch. Feeding levels are adjusted when environmental stresses (wind, rain, snow, extreme cold, etc.) increase nutrient requirements, so cattle remain healthy.

If possible, cattle are grouped by age, weight or condition score to ensure all cattle receive sufficient feed for their physical requirements. Body condition score (BCS) is monitored throughout the production cycle. BCS is assessed at least twice a year, at weaning and either at calving or six weeks before calving, and feeding programs are adjusted based on BCS.

Feed storage facilities are kept dry, clean, and free of contaminants. Feed equipment, feeders, and waterers are kept in good condition. Feeding grounds are located away from potable water sources, and cattle are rotated to ensure natural spreading of nutrients.

Records are kept on all feed formulas.

Cattle are not overcrowded and there is sufficient feed, water, and bedding space for each animal. All cattle are dehorned to minimize dominant animals controlling access to feed.

A manure management program has been developed and implemented, and it includes a nutrient management plan, management of wintering site runoff, controlled access to water bodies (e.g. rotational grazing, off-site watering, access ramps, fencing), and riparian management.